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20190328 Ch13 Glucose Metabolism
(1:34:06)
by 邱奕霖, 2019-03-28 14:39, Views(859)
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Title
1.
index 1
2.
Glucose Metabolism
3.
Glycolysis
4.
Glycolysis Overview
5.
10 Steps of Glycolysis
6.
First 5 Steps of Glycolysis
7.
10 Steps of Glycolysis
8.
First 5 Steps of Glycolysis
9.
Step 1: Hexokinase Reaction
10.
First 5 Steps of Glycolysis
11.
Step 1: Hexokinase Reaction
12.
Step 2: Phosphoglucose Isomerase Reaction
13.
Step 1: Hexokinase Reaction
14.
Step 2: Phosphoglucose Isomerase Reaction
15.
Step 3: Phosphofructokinase Reaction
16.
Step 2: Phosphoglucose Isomerase Reaction
17.
Step 3: Phosphofructokinase Reaction
18.
Step 2: Phosphoglucose Isomerase Reaction
19.
Step 1: Hexokinase Reaction
20.
Step 2: Phosphoglucose Isomerase Reaction
21.
Step 3: Phosphofructokinase Reaction
22.
Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate is the most potent activator of phosphofructokinase in mammals.
23.
Step 3: Phosphofructokinase Reaction
24.
Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate is the most potent activator of phosphofructokinase in mammals.
25.
Other molecules activate or inhibit phosphofructokinase.
26.
Remember: Sugars can be in cyclic or linear forms.
27.
Other molecules activate or inhibit phosphofructokinase.
28.
Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate is the most potent activator of phosphofructokinase in mammals.
29.
Step 3: Phosphofructokinase Reaction
30.
Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate is the most potent activator of phosphofructokinase in mammals.
31.
Step 3: Phosphofructokinase Reaction
32.
Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate is the most potent activator of phosphofructokinase in mammals.
33.
Step 3: Phosphofructokinase Reaction
34.
Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate is the most potent activator of phosphofructokinase in mammals.
35.
Step 3: Phosphofructokinase Reaction
36.
Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate is the most potent activator of phosphofructokinase in mammals.
37.
Other molecules activate or inhibit phosphofructokinase.
38.
Remember: Sugars can be in cyclic or linear forms.
39.
Other molecules activate or inhibit phosphofructokinase.
40.
Remember: Sugars can be in cyclic or linear forms.
41.
Step 4: Aldolase Reaction
42.
Aldolase Mechanism in Detail
43.
Step 4: Aldolase Reaction
44.
Aldolase Mechanism in Detail
45.
Aldolase Mechanism in Detail
46.
Aldolase Mechanism in Detail
47.
Aldolase Mechanism in Detail
48.
Aldolase Mechanism in Detail
49.
Aldolase Mechanism in Detail
50.
Aldolase Mechanism in Detail
51.
Aldolase Mechanism in Detail
52.
Aldolase Mechanism in Detail
53.
Aldolase Mechanism in Detail
54.
Aldolase Mechanism in Detail
55.
Aldolase Mechanism in Detail
56.
Aldolase Mechanism in Detail
57.
Aldolase Mechanism in Detail
58.
Aldolase Mechanism in Detail
59.
Step 5: Triose Phosphate Isomerase Reaction
60.
Aldolase Mechanism in Detail
61.
Step 5: Triose Phosphate Isomerase Reaction
62.
Triose phosphate isomerase is a catalytically “perfect” enzyme.
63.
Last 5 Steps of Glycolysis
64.
Step 6: GAP Dehydrogenase Reaction
65.
GAP Dehydrogenase Mechanism
66.
index 2
67.
Step 8: Phosphoglycerate Mutase Reaction
68.
Isomerization of 3-phosphoglycerate occurs via an active site His residue.
69.
Step 9: Enolase Reaction
70.
Isomerization of 3-phosphoglycerate occurs via an active site His residue.
71.
Step 9: Enolase Reaction
72.
Step 10: Pyruvate Kinase Reaction
73.
This reaction occurs in two parts
74.
Last 5 Steps of Glycolysis
75.
Graphical Representation of the Free Energy Changes of Glycolysis
76.
What happens to pyruvate?
77.
During exercise pyruvate can be temporarily converted to lactate.
78.
Further breakdown of pyruvate to CO2 and H2O is much more highly favored than lactate.
79.
Organisms such as yeast can regenerate NAD+ by converting pyruvate to ethanol.
80.
Pyruvate can still be further oxidized.
81.
Pyruvate is a precursor of oxaloacetate.
82.
Pyruvate carboxylase uses biotin as a cofactor.
83.
Pyruvate Carboxylase Mechanism
84.
Gluconeogenesis
85.
13-2 Gluconeogenesis
86.
Pyruvate is converted to phosphoenolpyruvate in 2 steps.
87.
13-2 Gluconeogenesis
88.
Pyruvate is converted to phosphoenolpyruvate in 2 steps.
89.
Four gluconeogenic enzymes plus some glycolytic enzymes convert pyruvate to glucose
90.
If glycolysis and gluconeogenesis occurred simultaneously, there would be a net consumption of ATP!
91.
Gluconeogenesis is regulated at the fructose bisphosphatase step.
92.
Glycogen synthesis and degradation
93.
13-3 Glycogen Synthesis and Degradation
94.
Glycogen synthesis and degradation
95.
13-3 Glycogen Synthesis and Degradation
96.
Glycogen is composed of monomers of glucose-1-phosphate made through an isomerization reaction.
97.
Glycogen synthesis consumes the free energy of UTP.
98.
Glycogen synthase adds glucose to extend the glycogen polymer.
99.
Glycogenolysis
100.
The pentose phosphate pathway
101.
13-4 The Pentose Phosphate Pathway
102.
Oxidative reactions of the pentose phosphate pathway produce NADPH.
103.
Production of 6-phosphogluconate can also occur in the absence of an enzyme.
104.
The third step of the pentose phosphate pathway involves oxidative decarboxylation.
105.
Production of 6-phosphogluconate can also occur in the absence of an enzyme.
106.
The third step of the pentose phosphate pathway involves oxidative decarboxylation.
107.
Ribose-5-phospate is a precursor of the ribose unit of nucleotides.
108.
The third step of the pentose phosphate pathway involves oxidative decarboxylation.
109.
Ribose-5-phospate is a precursor of the ribose unit of nucleotides.
110.
Isomerization and interconversion reactions generate a variety of monosaccharides
111.
Ribonucleotide reductase converts ribose to deoxyribose.
112.
Net Reaction for the Pentose Phosphate Pathway
113.
Summary of Glucose Metabolism
... [more]
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